Subscriptions

Here is how to set up a subscription:

1. Create a plan
2. Create a subscription
3. Listen for subscription events

Create a plan

Plans are the foundational building block for subscriptions. A plan represents what you're selling, how much you're selling it for, and how often you're charging for it.

You can create a plan via the Paystack Dashboard, or by calling the create plan^API endpoint, passing:

1curl https://api.paystack.co/plan
2-H "Authorization: Bearer YOUR_SECRET_KEY"
3-H "Content-Type: application/json"
4-d '{ "name": "Monthly Retainer", 
5      "interval": "monthly", 
6      "amount": 500000
7    }'
8-X POST

1{
2  "status": true,
3  "message": "Plan created",
4  "data": {
5    "name": "Monthly Retainer",
6    "interval": "monthly",
7    "amount": 500000,
8    "integration": 428626,
9    "domain": "test",
10    "currency": "NGN",
11    "plan_code": "PLN_u4cqud8vabi89hx",
12    "invoice_limit": 0,
13    "send_invoices": true,
14    "send_sms": true,
15    "hosted_page": false,
16    "migrate": false,
17    "id": 49122,
18    "createdAt": "2020-05-22T12:36:12.333Z",
19    "updatedAt": "2020-05-22T12:36:12.333Z"
20  }
21}

You can also pass invoice_limit, which lets you set how many times a customer can be charged on this plan. So if you set invoice_limit: 5 on a monthly plan, then the customer will be charged every month, for 5 months. If you don't pass invoice_limit, we'll continue to charge the customer until the plan is cancelled.

Create a subscription

Now that we have a plan, we can move on to the next step: subscribing a customer to that plan. There are a couple of ways we can go about creating a new subscription.

1. Adding Plan code to a transaction
2. Using the create subscription^API endpoint

Adding plan code to a transaction

You can create a subscription for a customer using the initialize transaction^API endpoint, by adding the plan_code of a plan you've created to the body of your request. This will override the transaction amount passed, and charge the customer the amount of the plan instead.

Once the customer pays, they'll automatically be subscribed to the plan, and will be billed according to the interval (and invoice limit) set on the plan.

1curl https://api.paystack.co/transaction/initialize
2-H "Authorization: Bearer YOUR_SECRET_KEY"
3-H "Content-Type: application/json"
4-d '{ "email": "customer@email.com", 
5      "amount": "500000", 
6      "plan": "PLN_xxxxxxxxxx" 
7    }'
8-X POST

1{
2  "status": true,
3  "message": "Authorization URL created",
4  "data": {
5    "authorization_url": "https://checkout.paystack.com/nkdks46nymizns7",
6    "access_code": "nkdks46nymizns7",
7    "reference": "nms6uvr1pl"
8  }
9}

Using the create subscription endpoint

You can also create a subscription by calling the create subscription^API endpoint, passing a customer and plan. The customer must have already done a transaction on your Paystack integration. This is because the Subscriptions API uses card and direct debit authorizations to charge customers, so there needs to be an existing authorization to charge.

1curl https://api.paystack.co/subscription
2-H "Authorization: Bearer YOUR_SECRET_KEY"
3-H "Content-Type: application/json"
4-d '{ "customer": "CUS_xxxxxxxxxx", "plan": "PLN_xxxxxxxxxx" }'
5-X POST

1{
2  "status": true,
3  "message": "Subscription successfully created",
4  "data": {
5    "customer": 24259516,
6    "plan": 49122,
7    "integration": 428626,
8    "domain": "test",
9    "start": 1590152172,
10    "status": "active",
11    "quantity": 1,
12    "amount": 500000,
13    "authorization": {
14      "authorization_code": "AUTH_pmx3mgawyd",
15      "bin": "408408",
16      "last4": "4081",
17      "exp_month": "12",
18      "exp_year": "2020",
19      "channel": "card",
20      "card_type": "visa DEBIT",
21      "bank": "Test Bank",
22      "country_code": "NG",
23      "brand": "visa",
24      "reusable": true,
25      "signature": "SIG_2Gvc6pNuzJmj4TCchXfp",
26      "account_name": null
27    },
28    "invoice_limit": 0,
29    "subscription_code": "SUB_i6wmhzi0lu95oz7",
30    "email_token": "n27dvho4kjsf1sq",
31    "id": 161872,
32    "createdAt": "2020-05-22T12:56:12.514Z",
33    "updatedAt": "2020-05-22T12:56:12.514Z",
34    "cron_expression": "0 0 22 * *",
35    "next_payment_date": "2020-06-22T00:00:00.000Z"
36  }
37}

You can also pass a start_date parameter, which lets you set the date for the first debit. This makes this method useful for situations where you'd like to give a customer a free period before you start charging them, or when you want to switch a customer to a different plan.

Listen for subscription events

Creating a subscription will result in Paystack sending the following events:

1. A subscription.create event is sent to indicate that a subscription was created for the customer who was charged.
2. If you created the subscription by adding a plan code to a transaction, a charge.success event is also sent to indicate that the transaction was successful.

The following steps will happen for each subsequent billing cycle:

1. An invoice.create event will be sent to indicate a charge attempt will be made on the subscription. This will be sent 3 days before the next payment date.
2. On the next payment date, a charge.success event will be sent, if the charge attempt was successful. If not, an invoice.payment_failed event will be sent instead.
3. An invoice.update event will be sent after the charge attempt. This will contain the final status of the invoice for this subscription payment, as well as information on the charge if it was successful

Cancelling a subscription will also trigger events:

1. A subscription.not_renew event will be sent to indicate that the subscription will not renew on the next payment date.
2. On the next payment date, a subscription.disable event will be sent to indicate that the subscription has been cancelled.

On completion of all billing cycles for a subscription, a final subscription.disable event will be sent, with status set to complete.

1{
2  "event": "invoice.create",
3  "data": {
4    "domain": "test",
5    "invoice_code": "INV_thy2vkmirn2urwv",
6    "amount": 50000,
7    "period_start": "2018-12-20T15:00:00.000Z",
8    "period_end": "2018-12-19T23:59:59.000Z",
9    "status": "success",
10    "paid": true,
11    "paid_at": "2018-12-20T15:00:06.000Z",
12    "description": null,
13    "authorization": {
14      "authorization_code": "AUTH_9246d0h9kl",
15      "bin": "408408",
16      "last4": "4081",
17      "exp_month": "12",
18      "exp_year": "2020",
19      "channel": "card",
20      "card_type": "visa DEBIT",
21      "bank": "Test Bank",
22      "country_code": "NG",
23      "brand": "visa",
24      "reusable": true,
25      "signature": "SIG_iCw3p0rsG7LUiQwlsR3t",
26      "account_name": "BoJack Horseman"
27    },
28    "subscription": {
29      "status": "active",
30      "subscription_code": "SUB_fq7dbe8tju0i1v8",
31      "email_token": "3a1h7bcu8zxhm8k",
32      "amount": 50000,
33      "cron_expression": "0 * * * *",
34      "next_payment_date": "2018-12-20T00:00:00.000Z",
35      "open_invoice": null
36    },
37    "customer": {
38      "id": 46,
39      "first_name": "Asample",
40      "last_name": "Personpaying",
41      "email": "asam@ple.com",
42      "customer_code": "CUS_00w4ath3e2ukno4",
43      "phone": "",
44      "metadata": null,
45      "risk_action": "default"
46    },
47    "transaction": {
48      "reference": "9cfbae6e-bbf3-5b41-8aef-d72c1a17650g",
49      "status": "success",
50      "amount": 50000,
51      "currency": "NGN"
52    },
53    "created_at": "2018-12-20T15:00:02.000Z"
54  }
55}

Managing subscriptions

So you've set up your plans, and you've started subscribing customers to them. In this section, we'll talk about how to manage those subscriptions, to make sure you don't miss payments, and your customers don't lose service.

Understanding subscription statuses

Subscription statuses are key to managing your subscriptions. Each status contains information about a subscription, that lets you know if you need to take action or not, to keep that customer. There are currently 5 possible statuses a subscription can have.

Handling subscription payment issues

As mentioned in the previous section, if a subscription's status is attention, then it means that there was a problem with trying to charge the customer's card, and we were unable to successfully debit them.

To fix the issue, you can take a look at the most_recent_invoice object returned in the body of the fetch subscription^API response. This object contains information about the most recent attempt to charge the card on the subscription. If the subscription's status is attention, then the most_recent_invoice object will have a status field set to failed, and a description field, with more information about what went wrong when attempting to charge the card.

1{  
2
3  "data": {  
4
5    "most_recent_invoice": {
6      "subscription": 326005,
7      "integration": 530700,
8      "domain": "test",
9      "invoice_code": "INV_fjtns483x9c2fyw",
10      "customer": 92740135,
11      "transaction": 1430031421,
12      "amount": 50000,
13      "period_start": "2021-11-10T13:00:00.000Z",
14      "period_end": "2021-11-10T13:59:59.000Z",
15      "status": "attention",
16      "paid": 1,
17      "retries": 1,
18      "authorization": 242063633,
19      "paid_at": "2021-11-10T13:00:09.000Z",
20      "next_notification": "2021-11-07T13:59:59.000Z",
21      "notification_flag": null,
22      "description": "Insufficient Funds",
23      "id": 3953926,
24      "created_at": "2021-11-10T13:00:05.000Z",
25      "updated_at": "2021-11-10T13:00:10.000Z"
26      }
27
28  }  
29}

At the beginning of each month, we'll also send a subscription.expiring_cards webhook, which contains information about all subscriptions with cards that expire that month. You can use this to proactively reach out to your customers, and have them update the card on their subscription.

1{
2  "event":"subscription.expiring_cards",
3  "data":[
4    {
5      "expiry_date":"12/2021",
6      "description":"visa ending with 4081",
7      "brand":"visa",
8      "subscription":{
9        "id":94729,
10        "subscription_code":"SUB_lejj927x2kxciw1",
11        "amount":44000,
12        "next_payment_date":"2021-11-11T00:00:01.000Z",
13        "plan":{
14          "interval":"monthly",
15          "id":22637,
16          "name":"Premium Service (Monthly)",
17          "plan_code":"PLN_pfmwz75o021slex"
18        }
19      },
20      "customer":{
21        "id":7808239,
22        "first_name":"Bojack",
23        "last_name":"Horseman",
24        "email":"bojackhoresman@gmail.com",
25        "customer_code":"CUS_8v6g420rc16spqw"
26      }
27    }
28  ]
29}

Updating the authorization on a subscription

When a customer's subscription has a card or bank with a payment issue, you can generate a link to a hosted subscription management page, where they can update their authorization. On the page, your customer will have the option to either add a new card, a direct debit account, or cancel their subscription. If they choose to add a new card, Paystack will charge the card a small amount to tokenize it. Don't worry, the charge is immediately refunded.

1curl https://api.paystack.co/subscription/:code/manage/link
2-H "Authorization: Bearer YOUR_SECRET_KEY"
3-X GET

1{
2  "status": true,
3  "message": "Link generated",
4  "data": {
5    "link": "https://paystack.com/manage/subscriptions/qlgwhpyq1ts9nsw?subscription_token=eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWJzY3JpcHRpb25fY29kZSI6IlNVQl9xbGd3aHB5cTB0czluc3ciLCJpbnRlZ3JhdGlvbiI6MzUzNTE0LCJkb21haW4iOiJ0ZXN0IiwiZW1haWxfdG9rZW4iOiJzNXIwZjA0ODdwcnNtZWsiLCJpYXQiOjE2MzUyNTkxMzEsIm5iZiI6MTYzNTI1OTEzcjeR82XhwIjoxNjM1MzQ1NTMxfQ.FK1glvwMjHu9J8P-4n2oXPN_u_fIpQZ-F_s5x_4WLag"
6  }
7}

If you already have a page where your subscribers can manage their subscriptions, you can choose to have a button or link on that page that will generate the link and redirect the customer to the subscription management page.

Alternatively, you can trigger an email from Paystack to the customer, with the link included.

1curl https://api.paystack.co/subscription/:code/manage/email
2-H "Authorization: Bearer YOUR_SECRET_KEY"
3-X POST

1{
2  "status": true,
3  "message": "Email successfully sent"
4}